Gray Goldenrod

Solidago nemoralis (Aiton)

Zhá-sage-zi (Umónhon)

Traditional Lakota medicine included using a “decoction of the entire [goldenrod] plant [. . .] to expel kidney stones” (L. Black Elk, “Culturally Important Plants of the Lakota”). This is likely related to the plant’s more widely known use as a diuretic. You can now buy Native-produced goldenrod tea on the internet: “Goldenrod Tea is used to reduce pain and swelling (inflammation), as a diuretic to increase urine flow, and to stop muscle spasms” (Lakota Made, “Goldenrod Tea”).

Western Meadowlark

Sturnella Neglecta (Audubon)

Tȟašíyagnuŋpa (Lakȟóta)

For the Lakota people, the Western Meadowlark is considered nearly family, the “bird who speaks Lakota.” According to Julian Rice, “Unlike the animals of Romantic and much twentieth-century British and American poetry, the meadowlark is neither more nor less blessed than man; rather, he exists in the Lakota consciousness as both model and messenger” (“How the Bird that Speaks Lakota Earned a Name,” in Swann and Krupat, Recovering the Word).